HS-ETS1.A Defining and Delimiting an Engineering Problem
Criteria and constraints also include satisfying any requirements set by society, such as taking issues of risk mitigation into account, and they should be quantified to the extent possible and stated in such a way that one can tell if a given design meets them. (HS-ETS1-1) Humanity faces major global challenges today, such as the need for supplies of clean water and food or for energy sources that minimize pollution,…
HS-PS4.C Information Technologies and Instrumentation
Multiple technologies based on the understanding of waves and their interactions with matter are part of everyday experiences in the modern world (e.g., medical imaging, communications, scanners) and in scientific research. They are essential tools for producing, transmitting, and capturing signals and for storing and interpreting the information contained in them. (HS-PS4-5) source: http://www.nextgenscience.org/
HS-PS4.B Electromagnetic Radiation
Electromagnetic radiation (e.g., radio, microwaves, light) can be modeled as a wave of changing electric and magnetic fields or as particles called photons. The wave model is useful for explaining many features of electromagnetic radiation, and the particle model explains other features. (HS-PS4-3) When light or longer wavelength electromagnetic radiation is absorbed in matter, it is generally converted into thermal energy (heat). Shorter wavelength electromagnetic radiation (ultraviolet, X-rays, gamma rays)…
HS-PS4.A Wave Properties
The wavelength and frequency of a wave are related to one another by the speed of travel of the wave, which depends on the type of wave and the medium through which it is passing. (HS-PS4-1) Information can be digitized (e.g., a picture stored as the values of an array of pixels); in this form, it can be stored reliably in computer memory and sent over long distances as a…
HS-PS3.D Energy in Chemical Processes and Everyday Life
Although energy cannot be destroyed, it can be converted to less useful forms – for example, to thermal energy in the surrounding environment. (HS-PS3-3), (HS-PS3-4) Solar cells are human-made devices that likewise capture the sun’s energy and produce electrical energy. (secondary to HS-PS4-5) The main way that solar energy is captured and stored on Earth is through the complex chemical process known as photosynthesis. (secondary to HS-LS2-5) Nuclear Fusion processes in…
HS-PS3.C Relationship Between Energy and Forces
When two objects interacting through a field change relative position, the energy stored in the field is changed. (HS-PS3-5) source: http://www.nextgenscience.org/
HS-PS3.B Conservation of Energy and Energy Transfer
Conservation of energy means that the total change of energy in any system is always equal to the total energy transferred into or out of the system. (HS-PS3-1) Energy cannot be created or destroyed, but it can be transported from one place to another and transferred between systems. (HS-PS3-1),(HS-PS3-4) Mathematical expressions, which quantify how the stored energy in a system depends on its configuration (e.g. relative positions of charged particles,…
HS-PS3.A Definitions of Energy
Energy is a quantitative property of a system that depends on the motion and interactions of matter and radiation within that system. That there is a single quantity called energy is due to the fact that a system’s total energy is conserved, even as, within the system, energy is continually transferred from one object to another and between its various possible forms. (HS- PS3-1),(HS-PS3-2) At the macroscopic scale, energy manifests…
HS-PS2.B Types of Interactions
Newton’s law of universal gravitation and Coulomb’s law provide the mathematical models to describe and predict the effects of gravitational and electrostatic forces between distant objects. (HS-PS2-4) Forces at a distance are explained by fields (gravitational, electric, and magnetic) permeating space that can transfer energy through space. Magnets or electric currents cause magnetic fields; electric charges or changing magnetic fields cause electric fields. (HS-PS2-4),(HS-PS2-5) Attraction and repulsion between electric charges…
HS-PS2.A Forces and Motion
Newton’s second law accurately predicts changes in the motion of macroscopic objects. (HS-PS2-1) Momentum is defined for a particular frame of reference; it is the mass times the velocity of the object. (HS-PS2-2) If a system interacts with objects outside itself, the total momentum of the system can change; however, any such change is balanced by changes in the momentum of objects outside the system. (HS-PS2-2), (HS-PS2-3). source: http://www.nextgenscience.org/